Development of Multi-physics Finite Element model to investigate Electromagnetic Forming and Simultaneous Multi-point Perforations of Aluminium tube

The paper’s conclusions (force/velocity/diameter orderings, thresholds, and ≤6% agreement) are empirically and simulation-backed but not proven as theorems or given with a priori error bounds. The model’s solution mirrors those trends but relies on undeclared sharing/geometry factors and an unsupported stability constant to claim a ≤6% uniform error bound; it also mixes time and thickness in the skin-depth term. Thus, while the qualitative agreements are sound, both the paper and the model lack complete, rigorous derivations.