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2508.05816

Replacement Dynamics of Binary Quadratic Forms

Raghav Bhutani, Frederick Saia

correctmedium confidence
Category
Not specified
Journal tier
Specialist/Solid
Processed
Sep 28, 2025, 12:57 AM

Audit review

The paper proves that for f(x,y)=Cx^2+Dy^2 (C,D in Q×), the non‑univariate types t4=(L,R,L,R) and t5=(L,L,R,L,R) are governed by explicit eliminants R(y) (quartic) and S(y) (degree 10), with parametrizations x=G(y) and x=H(y), respectively. It shows existence and a bijection between roots and periodic vectors when C≠D (Theorems 3.8 and 3.11), identifies the exceptional degree‑drop loci for S(y) (C=−D or C^2−3CD+4D^2=0), and states the number‑field degree bounds; see Eq. (8) and Theorem statements in the text. The candidate solution reproduces exactly this elimination/Gröbner basis shape and draws the same consequences (bounds, bijections, rationality criteria, and minimality of type), explicitly referencing the same equations. Hence, both the paper and the model follow substantially the same proof strategy and reach consistent conclusions. Key supporting passages include the explicit quartic eliminant and bijection for t4 (Eq. (8) and Theorem 3.8) and the degree‑10 eliminant and bijection for t5, with exceptional loci (Theorem 1.6(2), Theorem 3.11) . The paper’s modular-polynomial construction and zero-dimensionality underpin the Gröbner-based elimination the model describes .

Referee report (LaTeX)

\textbf{Recommendation:} minor revisions

\textbf{Journal Tier:} specialist/solid

\textbf{Justification:}

The paper rigorously characterizes the period-4 and period-5 non-univariate types for replacement dynamics of diagonal binary quadratic forms, giving explicit eliminants, parametrizations, and arithmetic consequences. The results are correct and well supported by computations and a clear modular-polynomial framework. Minor clarifications would make the exposition more precise regarding rationality equivalences and computational steps (e.g., radicality, choice of elimination order).